Cutter-head fob



'r sr LOISON D. TOWNE, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

CUTTER-HEAD FOR PLANING-MACHINES.

Speccation of Letters Patent No. 14,263, dated February 12, 1856.

To all whom t may concern Be it knownthat I1, LoisoN D. Towne, of Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cutter-Heads for Cutting Regular or Irregular Forms; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a solid head, with the cutters and braces removed. Fig. 2, represents a central vertical section through the same, with the conical plug in full. Fig. 3, represents one of the braces detached. Fig. 4, is a horizontal section through the head, as it appears when put together. Figs. 5 and 6, represent modications of the same. Figs. 7, S, 9, 10, l1, 12, represent by varied views a modification of the general plan wherein the head is made sectional, instead of solid, but the same principle of construction retained, and to which figures more particular reference will be hereafter made.

Similar letters of reference where they occur in the several figures denote like parts in all.

The nature of my invention relates to the construction of a cutter head, which possesses great strength and durability', with facility for readily changing it for the various purposes for which it is designed, whether for cut-ting plain surfaces, or for moldings, as will be hereafter explained.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings.

A, Figs. l, 2, 4, 5, represents a solid head of steel or iron, in which a central mortise, a Fig. 1|, is made, for the reception of the cutters and braces. Vhen plain surfaces are to be dressed, straight edged cutters are used, and when moldings are to be cut, the cutters should have upon their edge or edges, the shape of the desired molding in reverse. In a longitudinal direction through the cutter head, is made a conical, tapering or wedge shaped hole or opening b, through which passes a similarly formed plug B, having a male screw c cut upon it, which takes into a female screw made in the opening in the cutter head, for the purpose of holding or wedging the cutters, through the intervention of' suitable braces or supports,

rounded out conically, or tapering, as seen at e, Fig. 3, so that when placed within the mortise of the cutter head, they will form a continuation of the conical, or tapering hole through said head. When the cutters and braces are thus placed within t-he mortise in the head-the edges of the cutters, projecting beyond the periphery of the head, sufliciently far, to take the desired chip or shaving from the material to be dressed, the conical plug B is then introduced, and run down, by means of its screw thread, which spreads the braces C, C, and jams them tight up against the cutters, and thus firmly holds them in their places. By this method of clamping the cut-ters in their places, there is no necessity of screw, or other holes through them, and vthey can consequently be re'- sharpened, and set forward, so long as there is sufficient of the plate left, for t-he braces to bear against.

A small groove f, is made along that edge of each of the braces, (as seen in Figs. 4, 8, 10,) which is next the cutter, for the pur pose of throwing out the clips or shavings, and which also serves, to a certain extent, the purpose of caps, to the cutters.

I/Vhen the material to be worked admits of a deeper hold, or cut, than would be given by the braces C, C, as shown in Figs. 4, 8,

where theyentirely close up the cylinder,

I use braces C, as seen in Figs. 5, 6, having their edges g, beveled ofi", so as to leave a recess in front of the cutting edges, of greater magnitude than those on C, C

Figs. 7, 8, 9, represent a modification of the above described plan, on a larger scale wherein the head instead of being solid, is

sectional, being composed of the side pieces.

It, la, and top and bottom plates z', z', which are held togetherl by the screws j, y', and conical points le, 7c, which latter take into corresponding conical holes l, Z, Fig. 10, in the split or divided braces C, C, and thus spread them against the cutter plates. And in connection with these conical screws or points, may also be used, the conical plug B, or the plug may be used without the screws, as in the previously described case, the same general principle being involved viz: the tapering, or wedge shaped form of one piece, holding or fitting against a similarly shaped foi-1n in the adjoining piece.

The braces C, C, Figs. 8, 10, have projecting pieces 1, r, on their ends, which correspond in thickness with the cutter plates, so that as the cutters are forced forward (which may be done through the holes s, s, Fig. 10, in said projecting pieces) the heel of the brace shall not tip, but maintain its position, so long as any of the cutting plate remains for them to bear against.

The side pieces 7L, 72 have a conical recess m turned upon them at each end, and upon the ends of the braces C, C, are formed projections n; and upon the underside of the cap plates z', z', is turned a conical flange O, Fig. 7, which fits over the side pieces, and braces, and when the screws are tight up, or the plug introduced, one or both, every part is rigidly united, the conical points tending to draw in and hold the side pieces, while the plug tends to force them out. The cutters are held in a manner similar to that described in Figs. l, 2.

Figs. 1l, l2, represent a solid brace or center' piece. Then this is used the side pieces (71., z) are drawn up against the center piece, thus clamping the cutters between them, instead of forcing the center or braces against the sides; which is merely reversing the functions of the two parts.

D represents a mandrel, upon which the cutter head may be used, and held by the nut E. Or, the cutter head may be screwed on to the end of a shaft, as may best adapt it for the special purpose for which it may be designed.

I have represented the cutter head as susceptible of being divided into two sections. It may be divided into three or more, with equal facility, and when used for sash sticking I contemplate making it in three sections and using three cutters. To make these cutter-heads, any useful shop machine, and applicable to the varied duties they are to perform, they must be susceptible of various changes, and should be easily made, and always retain their rigidity, as their speed is necessarily high. Such a cutter head I believe I have made, possessing great strength, durability, and capacity for ready changes.

Having thus fully described the nature of my invention and shown how the same is constructed, I would state that I do not claim a wedge for holding, or spreading the cutters as this is not new, but

What I do claim herein as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- The clamping, or holding of the cutters, between the brace and sides Of the cutterhead, `by means of the conical or wedge shaped form of the plug, and braces, or their equivalents, and whether said head be solid, or made in two or more sections, substan tially as described.

L. D. TOVVNE. itnessest A. B. SToUGH'roN, Tiros. II. UPPERMAN. 

